Lingering Issues on Psychological Safety and Organizational Safety Culture Affecting Compliance to Occupational Health and Safety Promotion in the Workplace: Basis for Interventional Program Development

This study encompasses the exploration of lingering issues in psychological safety, organizational safety, and their relationship with compliance with occupational health and safety promotion in the workplace. Using a multiphase design guided by the ADDIE model, the research progresses through needs analysis, tool development, survey correlational studies, regression and mediation analysis, program design, and expert validation. The study targets employees from specific high-risk industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, and construction, which are particularly prone to occupational health and safety challenges. By focusing on these sectors, the study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of how lingering safety issues impact compliance and what interventions can effectively address these concerns. The scope includes analyzing trends and challenges through literature reviews and surveys, designing and validating a tailored questionnaire, investigating statistical relationships between variables, developing an intervention using the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) Curricular Framework, and validating the proposed program through expert consensus using the Delphi method. The study is subject to several limitations. First, its findings may have limited generalizability due to the purposive selection of industries and respondents. While focusing on high-risk sectors provides valuable insights, the results may not fully apply to low-risk industries or diverse organizational contexts. Second, although Cochran's formula ensures an appropriate sample size, the reliance on a single round of data collection limits the ability to capture longitudinal changes or evolving safety practices. Third, the context- specific focus of the study may overlook regional, cultural, or regulatory differences in occupational health and safety practices, further constraining the applicability of the findings. Fourth, self-reported data from the questionnaire introduces potential biases, such as social desirability or recall bias, as respondents may underreport non-compliance or safety concerns. Fifth, the Delphi validation process involves a limited number of 15 experts, which, while sufficient for consensus-building, may not reflect the full diversity of perspectives from the field. Lastly, the study primarily emphasizes psychological and organizational safety factors, potentially overlooking external influences such as economic policies, technological advancements, or societal trends that could also impact compliance.