A Systematic Literature Review of the Key Trends in Parental Involvement in Student Academic Performance

Parental involvement in students’ academic performance can lead to higher academic success, better attendance, and more engagement in advanced subjects. Parents who place a high importance on education may encourage the learners to go to school, offer them emotional support, assist them in developing their learning abilities, and enhance their self-esteem. They can also serve as role models by exhibiting positive attitudes and good study practices. Furthermore, while the bulk of earlier research focuses on parental participation and its connection to students' well-being, it is still necessary to address how parents influence children's academic achievement. In this regard, using a systematic literature review, the present research determined the key trends in parental involvement and its impact on students’ academic performance across different educational settings; evaluated the common barriers and cultural differences that affect effective parental involvement on student academic performance; and assessed the methodologies commonly used in the selected studies. Findings revealed that parental involvement is holistic yet uneven across levels, encompassing emotional support, academic guidance, communication, and community collaboration. Also, the major barriers identified were time constraints, socioeconomic challenges, and communication gaps. The reviewed studies also predominantly utilized descriptive and descriptive-correlational designs, relying mainly on survey questionnaires and quantitative data such as report cards and grading sheets. From the findings, a policy recommendation was developed to enhance parental involvement strategies for improving student academic performance.