Becoming Well: A Grounded Theory of Wellness Continuity and Discontinuity Through Fitness Practices

This study examined how fitness coaches in Region XII, Philippines, sustained fitness engagement through fitness practices. Using grounded theory methodology, the study employed constant comparative analysis, theoretical sampling, and systematic coding. Thirty participants were recruited, who were divided into ten sets of three from diverse fitness programs, including Zumba, Yoga, Power Cycling, Trampoline, and Weight-lifting, using purposive and theoretical sampling until data saturation was achieved. Data analysis focused on patterns of engagement, disruption, and adaptation across physical, mental, social, emotional, spiritual, and environmental dimensions. Findings revealed that wellness is a cyclical, interpretive process: continuity emerges through adaptive integration, while moments of discontinuity serve as opportunities for reflection, recalibration, and growth. The emergent theory is ADHERE (Arnaldo–Danilo Habitual Engagement and Resilient Exercise) Theory, which was tested across different groups such as age, sex, civil status, educational attainment, employment status, and type of activity. The results revealed that the level of continuity and discontinuity among the respondents was high and that sustained wellness participation is system-based, relying on the interaction of behavioral routines, cognitive commitment, relational accountability, and environmental support rather than demographic characteristics or activity type. Among sustaining mechanisms, psychological and value-based disengagement was most influential, while structural adaptation varied with age and employment conditions.