Abstract
This study is an exploration of students' challenges in dealing with mathematical concepts. Hence, a case study approach was applied through a triangulation of different data sources. Findings revealed significant difficulties in solving rational algebraic expressions, systems of linear equations, linear inequalities, and geometric proofs, underscoring foundational gaps in basic operations, algebraic manipulation, and logical reasoning. Students also struggled with math anxiety, ineffective instructional approaches, and weak conceptual understanding. To cope, they sought help from teachers, peers, and family while engaging in independent learning strategies. The study recommended reinforcing foundational skills, improving instructional methods, and fostering a supportive learning environment through collaborative efforts among students, teachers, and parents. A teaching-learning framework called The MATH (Mastery, Application, Tailored Support, and Holistic Engagement) Framework was proposed to strengthen the skills of the students.
