Bridging Fields and Files: A Phenomenographic Analysis of Inter-Agency Coordination as Experienced by Irrigation Office Employees

This phenomenographic study explored the diverse ways irrigation office employees experience and understand inter-agency coordination in water governance. Data collected through written interviews from 18 purposively selected irrigation personnel revealed conceptions ranging from rigid procedural compliance to dynamic, trust-based strategic partnerships. The study highlights the critical role of interpersonal relationships, communication, and shared goals in overcoming bureaucratic fragmentation and enhancing collaborative irrigation management. Findings suggest that effective coordination requires balancing formal institutional frameworks with relational dynamics and adaptive flexibility. Recommendations include strengthening formal coordination mechanisms, investing in relationship-building, and enhancing negotiation and conflict resolution skills among staff. This research contributes to the understanding of multi-actor water governance and offers practical insights for improving inter- agency collaboration in the irrigation system.