Research Article

Positive Reinforcement Practices Among Elementary Teachers: Basis for the Development of a Training Program  

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Psych Educ Multidisc J, 2026, 52 (2), 212-225, DOI: https://doi.org/10.70838/pemj.520207, ISSN 2822-4353
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Abstract

This study evaluated the perceptions, confidence, and implementation challenges related to positive reinforcement strategies among 35 elementary teachers at Sibonga Christ Centered Agape Academy Inc. The faculty profile was predominantly young, early-career, and female, reflecting recent training exposure. Findings revealed that teachers hold overwhelmingly positive perceptions (WM=4.68, "Strongly Agree") and very high confidence (WM=4.63, "Very Confident") in positive reinforcement, especially its role in fostering positive relationships (WM=4.80). Statistical analysis showed a strong, significant positive relationship (r=0.890, p=0.000) between perception and actual use, confirming that belief is the primary driver of application. Furthermore, the use of these strategies was found to be homogeneous across all demographic groups (sex, experience, and education), suggesting a unified baseline practice exists. Despite these strengths, implementation is undermined by critical systemic and practical challenges, including severe time constraints, a lack of resources for rewards, and significant inconsistency in application, particularly regarding the specific and timely delivery of reinforcement. Based on these findings, the study recommends developing a targeted teacher-training program to formalize a school-wide behavior protocol, provide dedicated resources, and refine the technical skills of the early-career workforce to ensure consistent and effective application of positive reinforcement.

Keywords classroom management implementation challenges positive reinforcement teacher perception teacher confidence teacher training program
Authors 2

The team behind this paper

2 authors, 2 institutions.

This paper Sibonga Christ Centered Agape Academy Inc. Sibonga — Philippines Sibonga Christ Centered… 1 author Department of Development Communication Cebu Technological University — Philippines Department of Developme… 1 author Darlene Bacaling — corresponding author DB Darlene Bacaling ✉ Janeth Lacostales JL Janeth Lacostales

Readership

542 reads over 9 months.

February 2026 October 2026

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This article is token #7156 of SciMatic Articles (ERC-1155): 1,000,000 tokens, minted once, never more. The chain also stores a fingerprint (SHA-256) of the article's record, so anyone can check that it has not been altered.

HolderWalletTokens
SciMatic 0xc35709…277732 100,000 (10%)
Darlene Bacaling 0x5d298E…044C1F 450,000 (45%)
Janeth Lacostales 0x905Aa7…fE8520 450,000 (45%)
Content hash 0xb67458ad36f1b20e297ec3f35914d9bc4becad3f5014be6d5ab7fac970ad2edf

Bibliographic Information

Darlene Bacaling, Janeth Lacostales, (2026). Positive Reinforcement Practices Among Elementary Teachers: Basis for the Development of a Training Program  , Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 52(2): 212-225
Bibtex Citation
@article{darlene_bacaling2026pemj,
author = {Darlene Bacaling and Janeth Lacostales},
title = {Positive Reinforcement Practices Among Elementary Teachers: Basis for the Development of a Training Program},
journal = {Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal},
year = {2026},
volume = {52},
number = {2},
pages = {212-225},
doi = {10.70838/pemj.520207},
url = {https://scimatic.org/show_manuscript/7156}
}
APA Citation
Bacaling, D., Lacostales, J., (2026). Positive Reinforcement Practices Among Elementary Teachers: Basis for the Development of a Training Program  . Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 52(2), 212-225. https://doi.org/10.70838/pemj.520207

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