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Research Article

Effectiveness of Cross-Age Tutoring on Problem-Solving Skills in Trigonometry Among Grade 9 Students

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Justine Ace Guanga , Eloise Barañao , Rhumer Lañojan , Jean Bergante , Esmaida Andang-Alaiden
Psych Educ Multidisc J, 2025, 49 (10), 1331-1343, DOI: https://doi.org/10.70838/pemj.491008, ISSN 2822-4353
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Abstract

A known area of academic difficulty is problem-solving in trigonometry. The complexity of trigonometric concepts and the need for strong problem-solving skills often contribute to difficulties in student comprehension and application. This study addresses these challenges by exploring the potential of cross-age tutoring as a remedial strategy to improve trigonometry problem-solving skills. A quasi-experimental, non-equivalent group design was employed with 60 Grade 9 students from a public high school in General Santos City. The sample was divided into an experimental group comprising 30 respondents who received cross-age tutoring and a control group comprising 30 respondents who received only traditional instruction. A 25-item multiple-choice assessment, specifically aligned with the Department of Education's learning competencies, was administered as a pretest and post-test to measure changes in performance. The results revealed a statistically significant improvement in post-test scores for both groups (p = 0.000). However, the experimental group demonstrated a substantially greater increase in mean scores, rising from a pretest mean of 5.37 to a post-test mean of 19.00, compared to the control group's increase from 5.57 to 17.53. An analysis of the mean gain scores confirmed a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.010), establishing the superior efficacy of the cross-age tutoring intervention. These findings directly support Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) theory, showing that peer-led guidance effectively scaffolds learning. The study provides strong empirical evidence for implementing cross-age tutoring as a practical, low-cost strategy to support struggling learners. This aligns with national educational recovery initiatives, such as the Philippines' ARAL Program Act of 2024, by offering a scalable model to address learning gaps and improve academic outcomes in challenging subjects, ensuring that no students are left behind. Future research may investigate the applicability of this intervention across other subjects.

Keywords trigonometry problem-solving skills cross-age tutoring
Authors 5
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The team behind this paper

5 authors, 1 institution.

This paper Mindanao State University — Philippines Mindanao State Universi… 5 authors Justine Ace Guanga — corresponding author JG Justine Ace Guanga ✉ Eloise Barañao EB Eloise Barañao Rhumer Lañojan RL Rhumer Lañojan Jean Bergante JB Jean Bergante Esmaida Andang-Alaiden EA Esmaida Andang-Alaiden

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Related work on SciMatic

Closest of 18 articles sharing keywords with this one. A rarer shared keyword counts for more than a common one.

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This article is token #6817 of SciMatic Articles (ERC-1155): 1,000,000 tokens, minted once, never more. The chain also stores a fingerprint (SHA-256) of the article's record, so anyone can check that it has not been altered.

HolderWalletTokens
SciMatic 0xc35709…277732 100,000 (10%)
Justine Ace Guanga 0x08BE00…99C975 180,000 (18%)
Eloise Barañao 0xB4c9D3…d7BEe5 180,000 (18%)
Rhumer Lañojan 0x97db85…220B8c 180,000 (18%)
Jean Bergante 0x7e2724…da5D15 180,000 (18%)
Esmaida Andang-Alaiden 0x86C811…845169 180,000 (18%)
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Bibliographic Information

Justine Ace Guanga, Eloise Barañao, Rhumer Lañojan, Jean Bergante, Esmaida Andang-Alaiden, (2025). Effectiveness of Cross-Age Tutoring on Problem-Solving Skills in Trigonometry Among Grade 9 Students, Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 49(10): 1331-1343
Bibtex Citation
@article{justine_ace_guanga2025pemj,
author = {Justine Ace Guanga and Eloise Barañao and Rhumer Lañojan and Jean Bergante and Esmaida Andang-Alaiden},
title = {Effectiveness of Cross-Age Tutoring on Problem-Solving Skills in Trigonometry Among Grade 9 Students},
journal = {Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal},
year = {2025},
volume = {49},
number = {10},
pages = {1331-1343},
doi = {10.70838/pemj.491008},
url = {https://scimatic.org/show_manuscript/6817}
}
APA Citation
Guanga, J.A., Barañao, E., Lañojan, R., Bergante, J., Andang-Alaiden, E., (2025). Effectiveness of Cross-Age Tutoring on Problem-Solving Skills in Trigonometry Among Grade 9 Students. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 49(10), 1331-1343. https://doi.org/10.70838/pemj.491008

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