Abstract
The launch of the One to Four (1-4) Person Stock Corporations under the Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines (R.A. 11232) represents a significant reform in business formation, especially for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). This policy introduces a simplified corporate structure, enabling individuals or small groups to establish stock corporations with limited liability, reduced compliance costs, and greater operational flexibility. This study explores how the reform lowers legal and financial barriers to incorporation and offers advantages over sole proprietorships and partnerships, including perpetual existence, improved access to financing, and enhanced credibility. The research focuses on the reform’s impact on entrepreneurship and economic development. By reviewing SEC registration data and case studies, the study evaluates whether the policy has encouraged business formalization, increased registrations, job creation, and economic resilience. It also highlights how this structure benefits startups and family-owned businesses through scalability and legal protection. However, despite its benefits, the study identifies several challenges, such as limited awareness, compliance difficulties for first-time owners, and inadequate legal safeguards for minority incorporators. Interviews with entrepreneurs and legal experts reveal implementation gaps like unclear guidelines, processing delays, and insufficient government support. Using a mixed-method approach—analyzing legal frameworks, registration data, and case studies—this thesis also compares the Philippine model with international practices, such as Singapore’s corporate structures, to identify potential improvements. In conclusion, while the reform is a progressive step toward supporting small enterprises, its full potential is hindered by administrative and informational barriers. The study recommends enhancing SEC processes, expanding MSME outreach, and providing incentives like tax breaks. Strengthening public-private collaboration and policy refinements will help maximize the benefits of 1-4 person stock corporations in boosting entrepreneurship and economic growth.
