To assess non-immunological complications affecting renal transplant patients in the first six months after transplantation in Al-Karama hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, we studied 68 patients (49 males, 19 females) attending the clinic during the year 2006. Forty six (67%) patients received kidneys from related and 22 (33%) from unrelated donors. The patients revealed the following complications: post transplant hypertension in 28 (41%) patient, infection (mostly bacterial) in 27 (37%), new onset diabetes in 11 (16%), calcineurin inhibitor toxicity in 10 (14%), anemia in 8 (12%), surgical complications in 7 (10%), slow graft recovery in 4 (6%), cardiovascular complications in 3 (4%), and Kaposi sarcoma in 2 (2.9%).Transient hyperglycemia, hypertension, infection and diabetes mel-litus were the commonest early complications of renal transplantation. The incidence of complications is comparable to the average reported in the literature, especially in this region of the world.