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Research Article

Analysis of Philippine Government Expenditure on Education and GDP Growth

439 reads
Jennifer Pelegrino
Psych Educ Multidisc J, 2025, 31 (9), 992-997, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14836455, ISSN 2822-4353
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Abstract

The paper investigates the relationship between government expenditure on education (GEE) and the gross domestic product (GDP) in the Philippines using time series data from 2000 to 2021. The study seeks to examine the nature and direction of cointegration between government expenditure on education and economic growth to substantiate the theory of Keynesian’s hypothesis and Wagner’s law that public spending generates national income and national income drives government expenditures, respectively. The econometric method employed was the cointegration using Engle-Granger and Phillips-Ouliaris tests and error correction technique. Based on the Engle-Granger and Phillips-Ouliaris tests, results revealed that gross domestic product and government expenditure on education are cointegrated. In estimating the long-run and short-run Run Models, both the long-run model and the short-run model are appropriate for GDP and GEE.

Keywords Education gdp cointegration relationship government expenditure
Author 1
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The team behind this paper

1 author, 1 institution.

This paper Davao de Oro State College — Philippines Davao de Oro State Coll… 1 author Jennifer Pelegrino — corresponding author JP Jennifer Pelegrino ✉

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439 reads over 22 months.

February 2025 November 2026

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Bibliographic Information

Jennifer Pelegrino (2025). Analysis of Philippine Government Expenditure on Education and GDP Growth, Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 31(9): 992-997
Bibtex Citation
@article{jennifer_pelegrino2025pemj,
author = {Jennifer Pelegrino},
title = {Analysis of Philippine Government Expenditure on Education and GDP Growth},
journal = {Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal},
year = {2025},
volume = {31},
number = {9},
pages = {992-997},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.14836455},
url = {https://scimatic.org/show_manuscript/4482}
}
APA Citation
Pelegrino, J., (2025). Analysis of Philippine Government Expenditure on Education and GDP Growth. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 31(9), 992-997. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14836455

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