Metacognitive Learning in Solving Mathematical Word Problems

The metacognition in mathematics learning on solving word problems, explicitly described the solving strategies using metacognition anchored from the two metacognitive components. The students’ knowledge of cognition in mathematics learning in terms of declarative knowledge utilized specific metacognitive strategies such as activating concepts on the problem and identifying and determining concepts and information techniques which include specific implication of strategies that elaborate concepts such as reading and recalling, translating, identifying mathematical concepts, determining the needed information, and understanding the leading question. Students’ procedural knowledge in mathematics learning utilized specific metacognitive strategies such as substituting, representing, and organizing process, which include specific implication of strategies that elaborate concepts to the substitution process, use of representation while solving, and organizing solution coherently and logically. Substituting, representing, and organizing process is the execution of plan, strategy, model, idea, decision, or method and the realization of an application of the subject. Students’ conditional knowledge in mathematics learning utilized specific metacognitive strategies such as questioning the problem and their own practices, which include specific implication of strategies that elaborate concepts to question the problem, consistent practice to develop familiarity, solution appropriateness, exploring possible solutions, and thinking of ways to approach the problem. Students’ regulation of cognition in mathematics learning in terms of planning utilized specific metacognitive strategies such as breaking down, illustrating, and labelling and thinking about the information, formula, and steps which include specific implication of strategies that elaborate concepts to write down the information in the problem, determine the required formula, think about the steps before solving, breakdown the problem, draw illustration, and put labelling. Students’ monitoring regulation in mathematics learning utilized specific metacognitive strategies such as making sense of their own work and verifying solutions, which include specific implication of strategies that elaborate concepts to second thoughts during and after solving, recognizing errors in the solution, familiarity towards the problem, checking of works step by step, reflecting from time to time, and use of scratch to draft solutions. Students’ evaluating regulation in mathematics learning utilized specific metacognitive strategies such as reviewing and revising which include specific implication of strategies that elaborate concepts to review calculations and procedures, use strategies to check answers, draw conclusions, think of alternative ways after completing a task, and revising solutions if not correct.