The aim of this work was to compare the in vitro wear and roughness of different composite resins after toothbrushing. Six resins were tested: Revolution (Kerr), Natural Flow (DFL), Flow It! (Jeneric-Pentron), Fill Magic Flow (Vigodent) - flowable composites, Silux Plus (3M) - microfilled composite, and Z100 (3M) - hybrid composite. Eight disks were prepared for each group (n = 48), with 12 mm in diameter and 1mm thick. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 7 days, polished (Super Snap), weighed and submitted to the initial roughness test. Each sample was fixed on plexiglass plates and subjected to simulated toothbrushing. After abrasion, the samples were removed from the plates, weighed and submitted to the post-abrasion roughness test. Statistical analysis was performed by using ANOVA and Tukey's test. Pearson's test was used to verify correlation between wear and roughness. Data showed a similar resistance to wear of Natural Flow and Z100, both presenting minimum mass loss and surface roughness. Silux Plus presented the roughest surface after toothbrushing.