Integrating Online Resources to Enhance Content and Pedagogical Knowledge of Pre-Service Teachers: A Pre-Test–Post-Test Study in Philippine Teacher Education

The integration of online resources in teacher education has become increasingly prominent as institutions seek effective strategies to enhance pre-service teachers’ readiness for the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET). This study evaluated the impact of online resource integration on pre-service teachers’ readiness in content and pedagogical knowledge assessment using a one-group pre-test–post-test research design. The participants were 47 fourth-year Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEED) students enrolled in the course Content and Pedagogical Knowledge Assessment. A blended instructional intervention was implemented over 10 weeks, integrating LET-aligned online resources and face-to-face instructional activities targeting both General Education and Professional Education domains. Data were collected using an assessment instrument adapted from standardized LET review materials, which underwent content validation and reliability testing. Descriptive statistics were employed to describe participants’ readiness levels before and after the intervention, while a paired-samples t-test was used to determine whether significant differences existed between pre-test and post-test scores. Effect size was computed using Cohen’s d to establish the magnitude of the intervention’s impact. Results revealed a statistically significant improvement in pre-service teachers’ readiness following the integration of online resources, with post-test scores indicating higher levels of content and pedagogical knowledge compared to pre-test scores, t(46) = 9.49, p < .001. The computed effect size suggested a large practical impact of the instructional intervention. These findings indicate that purposeful integration of online resources within a blended learning framework can significantly enhance pre-service teachers’ readiness for licensure-oriented assessments. The results underscore the need for teacher education institutions to embed structured, LET-aligned online resource integration within the curriculum to strengthen content mastery and pedagogical competence for licensure preparation systematically.