Background: Implant-prosthodontic rehabilitation improves oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL), but the presence of systemic diseases can also affect the well-being of an individual.

The study was carried out to determine the relationship between systemic diseases and OHRQoL after implant-prosthodontic rehabilitation on the basis of psychometric testing by a standardized questionnaire »Oral Health Impact Profile« (OHIP).

Methods: 130 patients, who received one to eight Ankylos® implants (on average 2.6 ± 1.8) were included in this retrospective study in which all aspects of the OHRQoL construct were evaluated with a Slovenian version of the OHIP questionnaire. Data on all present systemic diseases were obtained from the existing health records. Dental status and dental restorations were identified on the basis of orthopantomographic images.

Results: The majority of subjects had a cardiovascular disease (N = 37; 28.5 %), followed by a headache (N = 15, 11.5 %), allergies and asthma (n = 13, 10 %), and a rheumatic disease (N = 11, 8.5 %). Only osteoporosis was statistically significantly related to OHRQoL after implant-prosthodontic rehabilitation (p = 0.024). The best multiple linear regression model for the summary score for the questionnaire »Oral Health Impact Profile« for Slovenia (OHIP), and taking into account gender and age as confounding factors, included the number of remaining teeth and the presence of osteoporosis (p = 0.003, adjusted R2 = 0.104).

Conclusions: The total number of remaining teeth in the oral cavity (p = 0.031), the presence of osteoporosis (p = 0.024), and taking into account the subject’s gender and age, are the most important clinical factors that affect the functioning of the SGS as well as psychosocial behavior of the patients after an implant-prosthodontic rehabilitation (adjusted R2 = 0.104). Other systemic diseases (cardiovascular disease, headache, allergies and asthma, rheumatic disease, obesity, gastritis, diabetes, thyroid disease) did not statistically significantly correlate with the OHRQoL concept.