This paper deals with the notion of indigenous identity in Morocco. We are questioning the indigenous category as it is unsuitable for Berbers groups in Morocco. After explaining the denial of autochthony from Berbers rural communities, we are then looking into the emerging forms of ethnic identity amongst the Berbers in the light of French colonial rules heritage. One cannot understand nowadays identity movements in Morocco without a historical perspective that lay grounds to many components of new identities currently expressed. We argue that Berbers associations and Amazigh movements are taking advantage of this renewal of interests into Berbers cultures and languages to formulate a more political oriented version of their identity. But it cannot be ignored that Moroccan State is also attempting to use dynamics surrounding Berber cultures to its own advantage : the Berber farmer under state protection, both form a social and cultural point of view. Indigenous and local identities are not fixed once for all, they are constantly challenged, negotiated and sometimes manipulated according to the national and international context.