Determinants and Persistence of Food Insecurity in the Sahel: Case of Mali. The food insecurity in the North of Mali is the result of three principal factors, i.e. natural, socio-economic and political. The strong dependence of the Sahelian agriculture on the increased climatic risks of flood and a very unstable pluviometry should prompt the political decision makers to promote farming techniques which are consuming less water and which are more resistant to drought. Indeed, any effective strategy of fight against food insecurity in the North of Mali must be based on the introduction of peace and a sustainable political stability founded on good governance where the economic resources are distributed equitably to the benefit of a better management of natural resources and agro-pastoral spaces. Therefore, any question concerning the development of the Northern regions consists of looking for solutions to improve the collaboration between the State, the donor community and the private institutions in order to mitigate poverty and to strengthen the resilience of the local populations which have few resources to deal with exogenic factors limiting their capacity to produce.