The effects of the γ″-NiNb phase on the mechanical properties of Inconel 718 superalloys, with standard heat treatment, hot isostatic pressing + solution treatment + aging, and hot isostatic pressing + direct aging, were characterized by morphological observation, X-ray diffraction, and tensile experiments. The results of the morphological observation revealed that many fine γ″ precipitates of ~26.49 ± 1.82 nm in mean size were formed in all samples. However, the relatively coarser γ″ precipitates formed in the grain boundaries were only observed in the sample treated with hot isostatic pressing + direct aging. The yield strengths of the hot isostatic pressing + direct aging sample at room temperature and at 650 °C both exhibited the maximum values about 993 ± 5.7 and 811 ± 12.6 MPa, respectively. The γ″ precipitate was considered to be the dominant strengthening phase in the sample according to the lattice misfits (ε) of γ/γ″. The strengthening mechanism of the samples can be explained as the coherency strain strengthening of fine γ″ precipitates. Moreover, due to the coarser γ″ precipitates in the grain boundaries, dislocation-cut ordered particle strengthening also occurred in the sample after hot isostatic pressing + direct aging treatment.