This panel data set comprises of the annual factoring payables and financial ratios of 261 publicly listed firms in Turkey for the period of 2012-2017. The raw data are drawn from three different sources; the Central Bank of Republic of Turkey (CBRT) database, the audit reports disclosed through the Public Disclosure Platform (KAP) of Turkey and Compustat Global Capital IQ (Compustat) database. The originality of this data set is the revealment of factoring payables at the firm level in Turkey for the first time. This paper and its dataset are a companion for a published article in the Borsa Istanbul Review under the title "Factoring as a determinant of capital structure for large firms: Theoretical and empirical analysis" [1].