Polycyclic hydrocarbons constitute an important source of very dangerous pollutants. Different materials have been used as adsorbent for their removal, but they present difficulties in the separation process. The use of a material based on metal-organic framework (MOF) with large pores and high surface area and magnetic nanoparticles with superparamagnetic properties is an interesting strategy. In this work a magnetic composite based on MOF (MIL-101) and Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/MIL-101) was obtained by a simple synthesis method and used as adsorbent for the removal of anthracene. The composite was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results showed that kinetic data followed a first-order model and equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity was 12.7 mg/g at pH 6 in 60 min of exposure. The composite was applied for the adsorption of anthracene in water samples reaching more than 95% of anthracene removal in 1 h of contact. The composite material was effectively separated using an external magnet, and no further centrifugation or filtration processes were needed. This composite is a great alternative to remove polycyclic hydrocarbons from water samples and has potential to extend to the removal of other contaminants.