The global health care market demonstrates a steady annual development. According to VISA study, in 2016 the market size was 100 billion US dollars, by 2025 it will reach 3 trillion US dollars and up to 4% of the world's population will receive medical care outside their countries of permanent residence. Exports of medical services are becoming part of government programs. The obvious advantages of developing export of medical services are, first of all, in improving medical infrastructure and quality of patient medical care and organizing additional jobs in many related sectors of national economics as well. The purpose of the study is to identify opportunities and to assess the socio-economic effects of the development of medical services exports in the Russian Federation. As a result of the study, the possibilities of the health care system for more efficient use of available resources, increasing the volume of medical care, as well as the formation of additional financial revenues for solving organizational and managerial tasks of providing material incentives for medical workers, updating the material and technical base, and introducing new medical technologies were revealed.