The main objectives of the present study were to measure the concentration of mercury in Alosa spp. muscle tissue and to assess the health risk to consumers. For this purpose, fish samples were collected from four regions of the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. Mean concentrations of mercury in the regions of Bandar Torkaman, Feridonkenar, Chalos and Bandar Anzali were 264.10, 73.74, 161.90, and 183.80 μg g dw, respectively. The mercury averages obtained in all four regions were below the standards recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the Standardization Administration of China (SAC) and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). The values of hazard quotient also showed no potential health risk for consumer. However, the assessment of other contaminants is recommended for more accurate conclusions about the health risks of consumers through the consumption of the fish.