Education and training may improve the prescription of pediatric parenteral nutrition. The aim was to evaluate the impact of an e-learning method on parenteral nutrition prescription skills among pediatric residents in 2 pediatric hospitals.A randomized double-blind control study was conducted over a 9-month period among pediatric residents in HOSP1, Geneva, Switzerland, where physicians prescribe parenteral nutrition directly, and in HOSP2, Montreal, Canada, where physicians prescribe only occasionally because clinical pharmacists are devoted to this activity. The intervention consisted of an e-learning session about key issues of parenteral nutrition. Physician parenteral nutrition knowledge was evaluated with a standardized questionnaire based on clinical cases before and after the e-learning in the intervention groups; in the control groups, only the 2 tests were conducted. In HOSP1, participants also underwent iterative tests every 2 months to measure the retention of knowledge.Sixty-five physicians participated. Initial knowledge scores were higher in HOSP1 (pretest scores 180 ± 29 vs 133 ± 24, p < 0.001). Overall, there was no significant difference in the impact of the e-learning intervention between the control and e-learning groups (p > 0.05). A significant knowledge improvement was observed in HOSP2 in the e-learning group (p = 0.033). Iterative tests in HOSP1 showed persistence of knowledge without significant differences between the groups. E-learning satisfaction among the participants was outstanding (100%).E-learning seems to be an effective method for teaching parenteral nutrition among pediatric residents and fellows at the beginning of the training. High satisfaction with this teaching method was observed in this study.