Microbial production of fuels and chemicals offers a means by which sustainable product manufacture can be achieved. In this regard, Yarrowia lipolytica is a unique microorganism suitable for a diverse array of biotechnological applications. As a robust oleaginous yeast, it has been well studied for production of fuels and chemicals derived from fatty acids. However, thanks in part to newfound genetic tools and metabolic understanding, Y. lipolytica has been explored for high-level production of a variety of non-lipid products. This mini-review will discuss some of the recent research surrounding the ability of Y. lipolytica to support bio-based chemical production outside the realm of fatty acid metabolism including polyketides, terpenes, carotenoids, pentose phosphate-derived products, polymers, and nanoparticles.