The study aimed to report the prevalence and socio-psychological correlates of non-fatal injury among school adolescents in four ASEAN countries. Cross-sectional research data from the 2015 "Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS)" included 29,480 school adolescents (mean age 14.5 years, standard deviation=1.6) that were representative of all students in secondary school. The proportion of participants with one or multiple serious past-year injuries was 36.9% (21.4% once and 15.4% multiple times). The most frequent cause of the reported injury was "I fell" (10.2%) and motor vehicle (5.8%) and the most common form of injury was "a broken bone or dislocated joint" (8.1%) and "cut, puncture or stab wound" (3.4%). In adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis, male sex, experiencing hunger, substance use (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, amphetamine and soft drinks), school truancy, participating in physical education classes and psychological distress were associated with one and/or multiple injuries. Parental or guardian support decreased the odds of one annual injury. Compared to students from Indonesia, students from Laos had a lower odd for injury and students from the Philippines and Thailand had higher odds for injury. Several variables, such as male sex, food insecurity, substance use, truancy, physical education and psychological distress, were identified that could be targeted in injury prevention programs in this school population.