Clustering and recent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a Chinese population Guisheng Xu,1,* Xuhua Mao,2,* Jianming Wang,1 Hongqiu Pan3 1Department of Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; 2Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yixing People’s Hospital, Wuxi, China; 3Department of Tuberculosis, The Third Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: The objectives of the present study were to characterize the clinical isolates prevailing in the northeast of Jiangsu and to investigate the mode of transmission. The study also aimed to explore the extent to which Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains contributed to drug resistance and the possible factors related to the recent transmission.Patients and methods: We consecutively enrolled 912 culture-confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) cases from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2014 in Lianyungang City, which is located in the center of China’s vast ocean area and the northeast of Jiangsu province. Isolates were genotyped using 15-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing. The Hunter–Gaston discrimination index (HGDI) was used to estimate the discriminatory power and diversity of molecular markers.Results: Among 741 successfully genotyped isolates, 144 (19.43%) strains formed 46 clusters, while 597 (80.57%) isolates had the unique MIRU pattern. The total HGDI for all 15 loci was 0.999. The average cluster size was 3 (2–13) patients. The estimated proportion of recent transmission was 13.34%. Patients with unfavorable treatment outcomes were infected with clustered strains at a higher proportion than were those with favorable treatment outcomes (adjusted OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.14–2.85, P