Susceptibilities of Gram-negative bacilli from hospital- and community-acquired intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections: a 2016-2017 update of the Chinese SMART study Hui Zhang,1 Aaron Johnson,2 Ge Zhang,1 Yang Yang,1 Jingjia Zhang,1 Dongxue Li,1 Simeng Duan,1 Qiwen Yang,1 Yingchun Xu11Division of Microbiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People’s Republic of China; 2Division of Microbiology, International Health Management Associates, Schaumburg, IL 60173-3817, USAObjectives: To update the epidemiology and susceptibility of hospital-acquired (HA) and community-acquired (CA), as well as intensive care unit (ICU) vs non-ICU-derived intra-abdominal infection (IAI) and urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens in Chinese hospitals.Methods: A total of 2,546 Gram-negative isolates from IAIs and 1,947 isolates from UTIs collected in 16 hospitals and 7 regions of China from 2016 to 2017 were analyzed.Results: E. coli and K. pneumoniae were the most common pathogens identified in HA (40.7%, 21.9%) and CA (49.2%, 21.3%) IAIs and in HA (59.0%, 17.3%) and CA (64.3%, 12.7%) UTIs, respectively. The overall rates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive strains were 48.2% for E. coli and 26.4% for K. pneumoniae. The rates of ESBL-positive E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains were significantly higher in HA than in CA IAIs (51.7% vs 42.4%, P