Antimicrobial resistance and risk factors for mortality of pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae among diabetics: a retrospective study conducted in Shanghai, China Bing Liu,1,2 Huahua Yi,1,2 Jie Fang,3 Lizhong Han,3 Min Zhou,1,2 Yi Guo1,21Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaPurpose: To investigate antimicrobial resistance and risk factors for mortality of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) pneumonia in diabetics and nondiabetics.Patients and methods: A retrospective study was conducted among inpatients of KP pneumonia via electronic medical records in a territory hospital between January 2016 and June 2018. Antimicrobial resistance in KP pneumonia was compared between diabetics and nondiabetics. Independent risk factors for mortality in KP pneumonia were identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression among diabetics and nondiabetics separately.Results: In this study, 456 patients with KP pneumonia were included. There were 156 cases with diabetes and 300 without diabetes. KP showed a lower antimicrobial resistance to a multitude of antimicrobials in pneumonia among diabetics than nondiabetics, namely aztreonam, cefotetan, sulperazone, meropenem, amikacin, tobramycin, sulfamethoxazole, and fosfomycin. In addition, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) was more prevalent among nondiabetics than diabetics who were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) (63.0% vs 45.1%, P