First-line Helicobacter pylori eradication rates are significantly lower in patients with than those without type 2 diabetes mellitus Chih-Chien Yao,1 Chung-Mou Kuo,1 Chien-Ning Hsu,2 Shih-Cheng Yang,1 Cheng-Kun Wu,1 Wei-Chen Tai,1 Chih-Ming Liang,1 Keng-Liang Wu,1 Chih-Fang Huang,3 Kuo-Wei Bi,4 Chen-Hsiang Lee,5 Seng-Kee Chuah11Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; 2Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung and School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 3Division of Family physician, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 4Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, TaiwanPurpose: To assess the difference of the first-line therapy for Helicobacter pylori in patients with or without type 2 diabetes (DM) and to investigate the clinical factors influencing treatment outcomes.Patients and methods: In total, 719 patients with H. pylori infection were treated with 7-day standard first-line triple therapy, of whom 182 did and 537 did not have DM. Propensity score matched at a 1:2 ratio – for age, sex and body mass index was performed for the two groups, yielding a DM group with 147 patients and a non-DM group with 249 matched controls for analysis. Urea breath test was performed 6–8 weeks after treatment. Clinical and laboratory parameters were collected for identifying factors associated with failed eradication.Results: H. Pylori was eradicated in 74.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]