Dementia affects majority of older residents in nursing homes and physiotherapists are regularly involved with this population. However, little is known about the role of physiotherapists who treat residents with dementia in nursing homes. The aim of this paper was to report on an interpretivist qualitative exploration of the perceptions of both the providers of and referrers to domiciliary physiotherapy for residents with dementia in nursing homes in London. In 2015, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 purposively sampled participants - two were providers of physiotherapy for residents with dementia in nursing homes, five were referrers to these providers and three occupied dual roles. A thematic analysis of the verbatim transcripts identified three main themes. First were perceptions of a multifaceted but unclear role, focused on both conventional 'physical' physiotherapy interventions and specialist care, the latter being reliant on knowledge and confidence that physiotherapists did not always feel they possessed. Second were the stated challenges to the role, including the focus and organisation of the nursing home setting, with perceived lack of emphasis on rehabilitation; the progressive and demanding nature of dementia itself; a lack of continuity of nursing home and visiting health professional staff with associated need to entrust physiotherapy intervention to multiple others and the final challenge was the difficulty measuring impact. Third, despite the challenges, enablers of the role were experienced, namely collaborative working and positive previous experiences of referrers. Joining these themes were underpinning concepts of complexity and uncertainty in relation to the physiotherapy role in this setting. This paper highlights a need for enhanced collaborative working in clinical practice, enabled at organisational level, to help address some of the uncertainties expressed around the physiotherapists' role with residents with dementia in nursing homes and thereby enable improvements to processes and outcomes of their interventions.