Herein we use reduced graphene oxide as substrate and NiFe as catalyst to fabricate three-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube/reduced graphene oxide heteronanostructures (3D NiFe/N-GCTs). The 3D NiFe/N-GCTs are composed of two-dimensional (2D) reduced graphene oxide supported one-dimensional (1D) NiFe nanoparticles-encapsulated nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube (NCNT) arrays. The NCNTs exhibit bamboo-like shapes with the length and diameter of 3-10 μm and 15-45 nm, respectively. Besides integration of advantages of 1D and 2D nanomaterials, the 3D NiFe/N-GCTs heteronanostructure possess interconnected network structures, sufficient interfaces, numerous defects, hundreds of void spaces enclosed by bamboo joints and the walls of NCNT in an individual carbon nanotube, and large surface areas, which can improve their dielectric losses toward electromagnetic wave. Thus, the 3D NiFe/N-GCTs shows satisfied property toward electromagnetic wave absorption. Typically, the optimized 3D NiFe/N-GCT displays excellent minimal reflection loss (-40.3 dB) and outstanding efficient absorption bandwidth (4.5 GHz), outperforming most of reported absorbers. Remarkably, the synthesis of 3D NiFe/N-GCTs is only involved in vacuum freeze-drying and subsequent thermal treatment process at a high temperature, and thus, the large-scale production of 3D NiFe/N-GCTs can be achieved in each batch, affording the possibility of the practical applications of the 3D NiFe/N-GCTs.