To reveal the correlation between HPV and human vocal cord polyp (vcp).Analyzed the morphological changes of 99 vocal cord polyps stained with HE by microscope and 11 specimen by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy; Meanwhile, HPV-DNA were detected in 50 vcp by PCR, and then a comparison analysis with the pathological results of vcp was made.Koilocytoid cells were observed in 55 of 99 vcp (55.6%); The presence of HPV-DNA were detected in 34 of 50 vcp (68%), HPV-DNA positive rate was 92.9% and 36.4% respectively in 34 cases with koilocyte-like cells expression and 22 cases without koilcyte-like cells expression; there was significant different. The results of electron microscopy agreed with the results under light microscopy except koilocyte-like cell expression.There is obvious correlation between HPV and vcp, HPV may play certain role in the occurrence of vcp.