The article aims to present the critical foundations underlying the Occupational Therapy practice construction in Chile and Latin America. Although the manuscript has a theoretical/conceptual development, it is the result of the tension emerging from daily practice. The results presented have the political intention of inviting occupational therapists to identify a chain of common knowledge, applicable in various fields of the discipline role. The work’s scope should be sized as a small bibliographical discussion of a much broader and deeper stream, however, it offers us various inputs for practice and theory and research in Occupational Therapy. In conclusion we can identify a number of theories, methodologies and techniques used in the practice of occupational therapy that are not clearly identified as a particular perspective from Latin America, which is the manuscript proposal, inviting to a deeper discussion .