Baihuasheshecao (), a Chinese herb for cancer treatment, is frequently adulterated by a related species . DNA sequencing of the complete internal transcribed spacer region was applied to differentiate from and other closely related species. The molecular data showed that four out of seven herb samples of Baihuasheshecao were adulterants. Chemical analyses by TLC and HPLC were used to authenticate and Two marker compounds were identified exclusively in : 6--()--coumaroyl scandoside methyl ester (compound ) and 10()-hydroxypheophytin a (compound ). Both compounds showed moderate anti-proliferation effect on PC3 human androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, while compound also showed strong anti-proliferation effect on LNCaP human androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells. Accordingly, these bioactive marker compounds could be applied to verify the authenticity and assess the quality of Baihuasheshecao.