The sensitivity of winter wheat variety “Zemljachka” to the action of herbicides Granstar, Esteron, Grodil Maxi and Puma Super was investigated. It is established that the herbicide treatment of crops suppressed the activity of antioxidant enzymes in mature wheat grain: superoxide dismutase – by 1.7–4.8 times, and peroxidase – 1.2–1.4 times. The changes in catalase activity were reliable, but insignificant. Under the action of herbicides the qualitative changes in polypeptide composition of the grains were found. For polypeptides with the Mr 14.8, 15.2 (except Grodil Maxi) and 20.0 kDa was determined a steady increase in content in comparison with the control. Revealed complex changes are the result of the restoration and maintenance of the plant homeostasis.