Properties of Cosmic Helium Isotopes Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

M. Aguilar,L. Ali Cavasonza,G. Ambrosi,L. Arruda,N. Attig,A. Bachlechner,F. Barao,A. Barrau,L. Barrin,A. Bartoloni,S. Başeğmez-Du Pree,R. Battiston,U. Becker,M. Behlmann,B. Beischer,Javier Berdugo,B. Bertucci,V. Bindi,W. De Boer,K. Bollweg,B. Borgia,M. J. Boschini,M. Bourquin,E. F. Bueno,J. Burger,W. J. Burger,X. D. Cai,M. Capell,S. Caroff,Jorge Casaus,G. Castellini,F. Cervelli,Y. H. Chang,G. M. Chen,H. S. Chen,Y. Chen,L. Cheng,H. Y. Chou,V. Choutko,C. H. Chung,C. Clark,G. Coignet,C. Consolandi,A. Contin,C. Corti,Z. Cui,K. Dadzie,Y. M. Dai,A. Datta,Carlos Delgado,Stefano Della Torre,M. B. Demirköz,L. Derome,S. Di Falco,V. Di Felice,C. Díaz,F. Dimiccoli,P. Von Doetinchem,F. Dong,F. Donnini,M. Duranti,A. Egorov,A. Eline,J. Feng,E. Fiandrini,P. Fisher,V. Formato,Y. Galaktionov,C. Gámez,R. J. García-López,C. Gargiulo,H. Gast,I. Gebauer,M. Gervasi,Francesca Giovacchini,D. M. Gómez-Coral,J. Gong,C. Goy,V. Grabski,D. Grandi,Maura Graziani,K. H. Guo,S. Haino,K. C. Han,Z. H. He,T. H. Hsieh,H. Huang,Z. C. Huang,M. Incagli,W. Y. Jang,Yi Jia,H. Jinchi,K. Kanishev,B. Khiali,G. N. Kim,Th. Kirn,M. Konyushikhin,O. Kounina,A. Kounine,V. Koutsenko,A. Kulemzin,G. La Vacca,E. Laudi,G. Laurenti,I. Lazzizzera,A. Lebedev,H. T. Lee,S. C. Lee,J. Q. Li,Q. Li,T. X. Li,Z. H. Li,C. Light,C. H. Lin,T. Lippert,Z. Liu,S. Q. Lu,Y. S. Lu,K. Luebelsmeyer,F. Luo,J. Z. Luo,Xi Luo,S. S. Lyu,F. Machate,C. Mañá,J. Marín,T. Martin,G. Martínez,Nicolò Masi,David Maurin,A. Menchaca-Rocha,Q. Meng,D. C. Mo,M. Molero,P. Mott,L. Mussolin,T. Nelson,J. Q. Ni,N. Nikonov,F. Nozzoli,A. Oliva,Miguel Orcinha,M. Palermo,F. Palmonari,Mercedes Paniccia,A. Pashnin,M. Pauluzzi,S. Pensotti,H. D. Phan,V. Plyaskin,V. Poireau,Stepan Poluianov,A. Popkow,X. M. Qi,X. Qin,Z. Y. Qu,L. Quadrani,P. G. Rancoita,D. Rapin,A. Reina Conde,S. Rosier-Lees,A. Rozhkov,Davide Rozza,R. Sagdeev,S. Schael,S. M. Schmidt,A. Schulz Von Dratzig,G. Schwering,E. S. Seo,B. S. Shan,J. Y. Shi,T. Siedenburg,C. Solano,J. W. Song,Z. T. Sun,M. Tacconi,X. W. Tang,Z. C. Tang,J. Tian,Samuel C. C. Ting,N. Tomassetti,J. Torsti,C. Tüysüz,T. Urban,Ilya Usoskin,Valerio Vagelli,R. Vainio,E. Valente,E. Valtonen,Monica Vazquez Acosta,M. Vecchi,Miguel Angel Velasco,J. P. Vialle,L. Q. Wang,N. H. Wang,Q. L. Wang,X. Wang,Z. X. Wang,Jiahui Wei,Z. L. Weng,H. Wu,R. Q. Xiong,W. Xu,Qi Yan,Y. Yang,H. Yi,Y. J. Yu,Z. Q. Yu,Mario Zannoni,S. Zeissler,C. Zhang,F. Zhang,J. H. Zhang,Z. Zhang,F. Zhao,Z. M. Zheng,V. Zhukov,A. Zichichi,N. Zimmermann,Pao,AMS Collaboration; M. Aguilar; L. Ali Cavasonza; G. Ambrosi; L. Arruda; N. Attig; A. Bachlechner; F. Barao; A. Barrau; L. Barrin; A. Bartoloni; S. Başeğmez-Du Pree; R. Battiston; U. Becker; M. Behlmann; B. Beischer; Javier Berdugo; B. Bertucci; V. Bindi; W. De Boer; K. Bollweg; B. Borgia; M. J. Boschini; M. Bourquin; E. F. Bueno; J. Burger; W. J. Burger; X. D. Cai; M. Capell; S. Caroff; Jorge Casaus; G. Castellini; F. Cervelli; Y. H. Chang; G. M. Chen; H. S. Chen; Y. Chen; L. Cheng; H. Y. Chou; V. Choutko; C. H. Chung; C. Clark; G. Coignet; C. Consolandi; A. Contin; C. Corti; Z. Cui; K. Dadzie; Y. M. Dai; A. Datta; Carlos Delgado; Stefano Della Torre; M. B. Demirköz; L. Derome; S. Di Falco; V. Di Felice; C. Díaz; F. Dimiccoli; P. Von Doetinchem; F. Dong; F. Donnini; M. Duranti; A. Egorov; A. Eline; J. Feng; E. Fiandrini; P. Fisher; V. Formato; Y. Galaktionov; C. Gámez; R. J. García-López; C. Gargiulo; H. Gast; I. Gebauer; M. Gervasi; Francesca Giovacchini; D. M. Gómez-Coral; J. Gong; C. Goy; V. Grabski; D. Grandi; Maura Graziani; K. H. Guo; S. Haino; K. C. Han; Z. H. He; T. H. Hsieh; H. Huang; Z. C. Huang; M. Incagli; W. Y. Jang; Yi Jia; H. Jinchi; K. Kanishev; B. Khiali; G. N. Kim; Th. Kirn; M. Konyushikhin; O. Kounina; A. Kounine; V. Koutsenko; A. Kulemzin; G. La Vacca; E. Laudi; G. Laurenti; I. Lazzizzera; A. Lebedev; H. T. Lee; S. C. Lee; J. Q. Li; Q. Li; T. X. Li; Z. H. Li; C. Light; C. H. Lin; T. Lippert; Z. Liu; S. Q. Lu; Y. S. Lu; K. Luebelsmeyer; F. Luo; J. Z. Luo; Xi Luo; S. S. Lyu; F. Machate; C. Mañá; J. Marín; T. Martin; G. Martínez; Nicolò Masi; David Maurin; A. Menchaca-Rocha; Q. Meng; D. C. Mo; M. Molero; P. Mott; L. Mussolin; T. Nelson; J. Q. Ni; N. Nikonov; F. Nozzoli; A. Oliva; Miguel Orcinha; M. Palermo; F. Palmonari; Mercedes Paniccia; A. Pashnin; M. Pauluzzi; S. Pensotti; H. D. Phan; V. Plyaskin; V. Poireau; Stepan Poluianov; A. Popkow; X. M. Qi; X. Qin; Z. Y. Qu; L. Quadrani; P. G. Rancoita; D. Rapin; A. Reina Conde; S. Rosier-Lees; A. Rozhkov; Davide Rozza; R. Sagdeev; S. Schael; S. M. Schmidt; A. Schulz Von Dratzig; G. Schwering; E. S. Seo; B. S. Shan; J. Y. Shi; T. Siedenburg; C. Solano; J. W. Song; Z. T. Sun; M. Tacconi; X. W. Tang; Z. C. Tang; J. Tian; Samuel C. C. Ting; N. Tomassetti; J. Torsti; C. Tüysüz; T. Urban; Ilya Usoskin; Valerio Vagelli; R. Vainio; E. Valente; E. Valtonen; Monica Vazquez Acosta; M. Vecchi; Miguel Angel Velasco; J. P. Vialle; L. Q. Wang; N. H. Wang; Q. L. Wang; X. Wang; Z. X. Wang; Jiahui Wei; Z. L. Weng; H. Wu; R. Q. Xiong; W. Xu; Qi Yan; Y. Yang; H. Yi; Y. J. Yu; Z. Q. Yu; Mario Zannoni; S. Zeissler; C. Zhang; F. Zhang; J. H. Zhang; Z. Zhang; F. Zhao; Z. M. Zheng; V. Zhukov; A. Zichichi; N. Zimmermann; Pao; AMS Collaboration

Properties of Cosmic Helium Isotopes Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

M. Aguilar,L. Ali Cavasonza,G. Ambrosi,L. Arruda,N. Attig,A. Bachlechner,F. Barao,A. Barrau,L. Barrin,A. Bartoloni,S. Başeğmez-Du Pree,R. Battiston,U. Becker,M. Behlmann,B. Beischer,Javier Berdugo,B. Bertucci,V. Bindi,W. De Boer,K. Bollweg,B. Borgia,M. J. Boschini,M. Bourquin,E. F. Bueno,J. Burger,W. J. Burger,X. D. Cai,M. Capell,S. Caroff,Jorge Casaus,G. Castellini,F. Cervelli,Y. H. Chang,G. M. Chen,H. S. Chen,Y. Chen,L. Cheng,H. Y. Chou,V. Choutko,C. H. Chung,C. Clark,G. Coignet,C. Consolandi,A. Contin,C. Corti,Z. Cui,K. Dadzie,Y. M. Dai,A. Datta,Carlos Delgado,Stefano Della Torre,M. B. Demirköz,L. Derome,S. Di Falco,V. Di Felice,C. Díaz,F. Dimiccoli,P. Von Doetinchem,F. Dong,F. Donnini,M. Duranti,A. Egorov,A. Eline,J. Feng,E. Fiandrini,P. Fisher,V. Formato,Y. Galaktionov,C. Gámez,R. J. García-López,C. Gargiulo,H. Gast,I. Gebauer,M. Gervasi,Francesca Giovacchini,D. M. Gómez-Coral,J. Gong,C. Goy,V. Grabski,D. Grandi,Maura Graziani,K. H. Guo,S. Haino,K. C. Han,Z. H. He,T. H. Hsieh,H. Huang,Z. C. Huang,M. Incagli,W. Y. Jang,Yi Jia,H. Jinchi,K. Kanishev,B. Khiali,G. N. Kim,Th. Kirn,M. Konyushikhin,O. Kounina,A. Kounine,V. Koutsenko,A. Kulemzin,G. La Vacca,E. Laudi,G. Laurenti,I. Lazzizzera,A. Lebedev,H. T. Lee,S. C. Lee,J. Q. Li,Q. Li,T. X. Li,Z. H. Li,C. Light,C. H. Lin,T. Lippert,Z. Liu,S. Q. Lu,Y. S. Lu,K. Luebelsmeyer,F. Luo,J. Z. Luo,Xi Luo,S. S. Lyu,F. Machate,C. Mañá,J. Marín,T. Martin,G. Martínez,Nicolò Masi,David Maurin,A. Menchaca-Rocha,Q. Meng,D. C. Mo,M. Molero,P. Mott,L. Mussolin,T. Nelson,J. Q. Ni,N. Nikonov,F. Nozzoli,A. Oliva,Miguel Orcinha,M. Palermo,F. Palmonari,Mercedes Paniccia,A. Pashnin,M. Pauluzzi,S. Pensotti,H. D. Phan,V. Plyaskin,V. Poireau,Stepan Poluianov,A. Popkow,X. M. Qi,X. Qin,Z. Y. Qu,L. Quadrani,P. G. Rancoita,D. Rapin,A. Reina Conde,S. Rosier-Lees,A. Rozhkov,Davide Rozza,R. Sagdeev,S. Schael,S. M. Schmidt,A. Schulz Von Dratzig,G. Schwering,E. S. Seo,B. S. Shan,J. Y. Shi,T. Siedenburg,C. Solano,J. W. Song,Z. T. Sun,M. Tacconi,X. W. Tang,Z. C. Tang,J. Tian,Samuel C. C. Ting,N. Tomassetti,J. Torsti,C. Tüysüz,T. Urban,Ilya Usoskin,Valerio Vagelli,R. Vainio,E. Valente,E. Valtonen,Monica Vazquez Acosta,M. Vecchi,Miguel Angel Velasco,J. P. Vialle,L. Q. Wang,N. H. Wang,Q. L. Wang,X. Wang,Z. X. Wang,Jiahui Wei,Z. L. Weng,H. Wu,R. Q. Xiong,W. Xu,Qi Yan,Y. Yang,H. Yi,Y. J. Yu,Z. Q. Yu,Mario Zannoni,S. Zeissler,C. Zhang,F. Zhang,J. H. Zhang,Z. Zhang,F. Zhao,Z. M. Zheng,V. Zhukov,A. Zichichi,N. Zimmermann,Pao,AMS Collaboration;M. Aguilar;L. Ali Cavasonza;G. Ambrosi;L. Arruda;N. Attig;A. Bachlechner;F. Barao;A. Barrau;L. Barrin;A. Bartoloni;S. Başeğmez-Du Pree;R. Battiston;U. Becker;M. Behlmann;B. Beischer;Javier Berdugo;B. Bertucci;V. Bindi;W. De Boer;K. Bollweg;B. Borgia;M. J. Boschini;M. Bourquin;E. F. Bueno;J. Burger;W. J. Burger;X. D. Cai;M. Capell;S. Caroff;Jorge Casaus;G. Castellini;F. Cervelli;Y. H. Chang;G. M. Chen;H. S. Chen;Y. Chen;L. Cheng;H. Y. Chou;V. Choutko;C. H. Chung;C. Clark;G. Coignet;C. Consolandi;A. Contin;C. Corti;Z. Cui;K. Dadzie;Y. M. Dai;A. Datta;Carlos Delgado;Stefano Della Torre;M. B. Demirköz;L. Derome;S. Di Falco;V. Di Felice;C. Díaz;F. Dimiccoli;P. Von Doetinchem;F. Dong;F. Donnini;M. Duranti;A. Egorov;A. Eline;J. Feng;E. Fiandrini;P. Fisher;V. Formato;Y. Galaktionov;C. Gámez;R. J. García-López;C. Gargiulo;H. Gast;I. Gebauer;M. Gervasi;Francesca Giovacchini;D. M. Gómez-Coral;J. Gong;C. Goy;V. Grabski;D. Grandi;Maura Graziani;K. H. Guo;S. Haino;K. C. Han;Z. H. He;T. H. Hsieh;H. Huang;Z. C. Huang;M. Incagli;W. Y. Jang;Yi Jia;H. Jinchi;K. Kanishev;B. Khiali;G. N. Kim;Th. Kirn;M. Konyushikhin;O. Kounina;A. Kounine;V. Koutsenko;A. Kulemzin;G. La Vacca;E. Laudi;G. Laurenti;I. Lazzizzera;A. Lebedev;H. T. Lee;S. C. Lee;J. Q. Li;Q. Li;T. X. Li;Z. H. Li;C. Light;C. H. Lin;T. Lippert;Z. Liu;S. Q. Lu;Y. S. Lu;K. Luebelsmeyer;F. Luo;J. Z. Luo;Xi Luo;S. S. Lyu;F. Machate;C. Mañá;J. Marín;T. Martin;G. Martínez;Nicolò Masi;David Maurin;A. Menchaca-Rocha;Q. Meng;D. C. Mo;M. Molero;P. Mott;L. Mussolin;T. Nelson;J. Q. Ni;N. Nikonov;F. Nozzoli;A. Oliva;Miguel Orcinha;M. Palermo;F. Palmonari;Mercedes Paniccia;A. Pashnin;M. Pauluzzi;S. Pensotti;H. D. Phan;V. Plyaskin;V. Poireau;Stepan Poluianov;A. Popkow;X. M. Qi;X. Qin;Z. Y. Qu;L. Quadrani;P. G. Rancoita;D. Rapin;A. Reina Conde;S. Rosier-Lees;A. Rozhkov;Davide Rozza;R. Sagdeev;S. Schael;S. M. Schmidt;A. Schulz Von Dratzig;G. Schwering;E. S. Seo;B. S. Shan;J. Y. Shi;T. Siedenburg;C. Solano;J. W. Song;Z. T. Sun;M. Tacconi;X. W. Tang;Z. C. Tang;J. Tian;Samuel C. C. Ting;N. Tomassetti;J. Torsti;C. Tüysüz;T. Urban;Ilya Usoskin;Valerio Vagelli;R. Vainio;E. Valente;E. Valtonen;Monica Vazquez Acosta;M. Vecchi;Miguel Angel Velasco;J. P. Vialle;L. Q. Wang;N. H. Wang;Q. L. Wang;X. Wang;Z. X. Wang;Jiahui Wei;Z. L. Weng;H. Wu;R. Q. Xiong;W. Xu;Qi Yan;Y. Yang;H. Yi;Y. J. Yu;Z. Q. Yu;Mario Zannoni;S. Zeissler;C. Zhang;F. Zhang;J. H. Zhang;Z. Zhang;F. Zhao;Z. M. Zheng;V. Zhukov;A. Zichichi;N. Zimmermann;Pao;AMS Collaboration;

physical review letters 2019 Vol. 123 pp. 181102-

175

collaboration2019physicalproperties

Abstract

Precision measurements by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station of He3 and He4 fluxes are presented. The measurements are based on 100 million He4 nuclei in the rigidity range from 2.1 to 21 GV and 18 million He3 from 1.9 to 15 GV collected from May 2011 to November 2017. We observed that the He3 and He4 fluxes exhibit nearly identical variations with time. The relative magnitude of the variations decreases with increasing rigidity. The rigidity dependence of the He3/He4 flux ratio is measured for the first time. Below 4 GV, the He3/He4 flux ratio was found to have a significant long-term time dependence. Above 4 GV, the He3/He4 flux ratio was found to be time independent, and its rigidity dependence is well described by a single power law ∝RΔ with Δ=−0.294±0.004. Unexpectedly, this value is in agreement with the B/O and B/C spectral indices at high energies.

Keywords

magnetic alpha rigidity he3/he4 flux ratio

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10.1103/physrevlett.123.181102

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