Libo Sun,1 Shoujun Yang,2 Guonan Chi,1 Xingyi Jin1 1First Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changhun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Rehabilitation, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changhun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China Background: Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive and common malignancies of the central nervous system in humans. Owing to the correlation of high Hsp90 expression with prognosis and clinical pathology features of diverse types of cancer, targeting Hsp90 with small-molecule inhibitors has become a promising anticancer strategy.Purpose: In this study, we aimed to explore the possibility of anticancer effect of NMS-E973 in giloblastoma and elucidate the mechanism.Methods: Cell based MTT assay and colony formation assay were used to detect cell viability. Apoptosis was analyzed by nuclear staining with Hoechst 33258 and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining followed by flow cytometry. Western-blot and RT-PCR were used to detect gene expression. Xenograft assay was used to explore the anticancer effect of NMS-E973 in vivo.Results: We found that NMS-E973 induces apoptosis and inhibits cell growth in glioblastoma cells in cell culture and xenograft models. As a proapoptotic Bcl-2 member, PUMA was induced by NMS-E973 in a p53-dependent manner in glioblastoma in cell culture, thereby inducing apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, PUMA was induced by NMS-E973 treatment in xenograft tumors, and deficiency in PUMA significantly suppressed the antitumor effects of NMS-E973.Conclusion: Our study suggests that PUMA-mediated apoptosis is important for the therapeutic responses of NMS-E973. Induction of PUMA might be a potential biomarker for predicting NMS-E973 responses. Keywords: NMS-E973, PUMA, glioblastoma, apoptosis