Perspectives about the national poultry development in Burundi. The Department of Animal Science has completed a first stage in research about the national poultry development in Burundi. A preliminary study determined the potential market of poultry products in Bujumbura, Burundi's Capital, and showed a close relationship between the average family income and the consumption of this type of products. It showed the absolute necessity to reduce its cost price. Therefore, eight kinds of diets mainly based on local agro-industrial by-products were tested. The comparison allowed to keep a diet for laying hens with neither grains nor animal proteins and a diet for broilers with only 10 % of corn and less than 18 % of fresh blood meal. These two diets were tested on three strains of laying hens and one of broilers with interesting results i. e. 65 % of laying for the WARREN strain and 1, 7kg of live-weight at eight weeks for the HUBBARD strain at low feeding cost : 4 Bu. F per egg and 50Bu. F per kg of live weight of broiler product. Therefore, it is for the government to set up a modem poultry-farming for small and medium producers with rational use of local agro-industrial by-products.