One of the influential factors in the formation of modern society in the Western
world and subsequently spread to over the world has been the discovery of printing press
which can be found in the form of printing method, printing company and print media.
Since it was firstly used by Gutenberg in about 15th century AD, information which was
previously delivered through oral medium with a limited audience, then through a method
of printing can be reproduced in large quantities and can be read by more audience, across
distance and time. Printing method which encourages the emergence of large printing
companies and then print media has contributed in transforming modern cultural life of
society.
In addition, the advent of the printing industries which has transformed into
transnational corporations as well as the emergence of journals and regular newspapers
also contributes significantly in raising public spaces as a medium for discussion and
critical thinking amidst society. Ultimately, this information media transformation brings a
change in the state system which is more open and leads to the emergence of ideas of
nationalism which becomes an important milestone in transforming traditional societies
into modern societies.