Psychoneurological changes in Graves’ disease are expressed in all patients at the early stages of the disease. Adolescents begin to do poorly in school, to skip school, there are changes in their behavior. Patients are characterized by the development of motor excitation, fidgeting, restlessness, hyperactivity, loss of memory, deterioration in school performance, sleep disturbances, movement disorders: tremor, rough, choreiform twitching of fingers and some muscle groups, thyrotoxic periodic paralysis may occur, which can last from a few minutes to several hours or even days. Anxiety syndromes associated with hyperthyroidism are usually complicated by depression and decreased cognitive functions such as memory and attention. In prospective studies, there were revealed a low level of non-verbal intelligence, verbal memory and cognitive function, increased anxiety, mood disorders, including depression, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease; it is noted that after the rapid perception, there is its fast decrement, memory lapses, disorders in speech and self-awareness. Treating hyperthyroidism generally leads to an improvement in cognitive and behavioral disorders. However, cognitive function recover more slowly than the psychoemotional disorders, which ultimately leads to reduced quality of life, even after successful treatment of hyperthyroidism.