This article discusses the defense of the socio-historical approach in the training courses for teachers to work in the area of ​​Natural Sciences of the Degree in Rural Education, considering that this approach is the one that advances the most in the critical analysis of social reality and education, aiming at human emancipation. In this sense, we present principles and philosophical, educational and pedagogical presuppositions that should guide the pedagogical political project of the course. We argue that the referents of historical-dialectical materialism, the Pistrak’s Complexes System, Historical-Critical Pedagogy and Historical-Cultural Psychology are the guiding principles of this approach, and the category of work is the founder and guiding axis of the social being. In proposing the socio-historical approach as we work the historicizing perspective of man and of social reality, we believe that there is an advance towards the hegemonic struggle in education and society in the search for human emancipation.