This paper, which is a new subject of study, shows the paradoxes that ESO students find themselves in some Spanish provinces (in the case of Andalusia). It is a comprehensive reading exercise which will demonstrate that history is written, and rewritten, with specific objectives; objectives marked by nationalist and even regionalist tones. It is not our intention, in any way, to undermine the authority of the ideas presented in the actual text books, whose general content is accepted.