Several viruses have been described as causes of acquired inflammatory myopathies, however, the mechanisms by which they cause muscle disease are still unclear. The aim of this study was to describe the laboratory features of benign acute myositis in a small case series.A detailed pathological and serological analysis was performed in five African migrants who developed an acute viral myositis complicated by rhabdomyolysis.Muscle biopsies clearly documented an inflammatory myopathy with histological features similar to polymyositis including CD8+ T cells surrounding and invading non-necrotic muscle fibers, CD68+ macrophages and MHC class I antigen upregulation. In addition, positivity for myositis-specific antibodies (MSA), in particular anti-aminoacyl tRNA synthetases, was found in the serum of two patients.Our study demonstrated that T-cell mediated injury occurs in muscle of patients with acute viral myositis, and that MSA may be present in the serum of these patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.