Background and Aims: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is defined as the use of scientifically proven evidence for delivering best possible health care to patients. Despite growing emphasis on the need for EBM-based practice, acceptability, and perceptions toward EBM might differ among health professionals. The objective of this study was to assess the attitude, knowledge, and current practices of EBM among perioperative care health professionals in India. Material and Methods: This was a single point paper-based questionnaire survey carried out in February 2014 among delegates registered for an EBM conference on “perioperative care” held at a Tertiary referral Cancer Centre in India. Participation was voluntary and respondents were given the option of remaining anonymous. Results: Out of 190 questionnaires, 123 (65%) were returned. Most respondents (98%) agreed that practicing EBM improved patient care. The need to follow departmental protocols (22%) worries about the cost of implementing new treatments (20%) and inadequate skills to critically appraise articles (16%) accounted for major barriers in implementing EBM in clinical practice, with only 15% of respondents stating reluctance to change set practice. “Randomized controlled trial” and “number needed to treat” were the best and least understood EBM terms. Regarding awareness of 10 commonly used EBM-based guidelines in perioperative medicine, the percentage of correct responses ranged from 20% to 88%. Conclusion: Although most respondents agreed that practicing EBM improved patient care, many of them showed a low level of awareness regarding fundamental aspects of EBM. In addition to encouraging implementation of EBM, there should be increased focus on training in EBM methods.