Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) is a ubiquitous transcription factor that regulates important physiological and developmental processes. In this study, we identified 34 OsNF-Y genes in rice, including 6 newly identified genes. Expression profile analysis covering the whole life cycle revealed that transcripts of OsNF-Y differentially accumulated in a tissue-specific, preferential or constitutive manner. In addition, gene duplication studies and expression analyses were performed to determine the evolutionary origins of the OsNF-Y gene family. Nine OsNF-Y genes were differentially expressed after treatment of seedlings with one or more abiotic stresses such as drought, salt and cold. Analysis of expression correlation and Gene Ontology annotation suggested that OsNF-Y genes were co-expressed with genes that participated in stress, accumulation of seed storage reserves, and plant development. Co-expression analysis also revealed that OsNF-Y genes might interact with each other, suggesting that NF-Y subunits formed complexes that take part in transcriptional regulation. These results provide useful information for further elucidating the function of the NF-Y family and their regulatory pathways.