The present stage of management of territorial development, characterized as «strategic openness», actualized need to create sustainable sources and mechanisms of formation of competitive advantages of regions, renewed interest to evaluation of the competitiveness of a regional economy. In the present study, firstly , formulated author's definition of regional competitiveness, based on the concept of its «attractiveness» for business development and people's lives; secondly , suggested the approach and the algorithm for measurement and comparative analysis of the competitiveness of the regional economy that based on quantitative evaluation of the various aspects of «attractiveness»; third , the authors develop basic elements of the modeling and methodical support for quantitative assessing the competitiveness of regional economies, including identified and described statistically reliable indicators of five competitively important factors (the level of economic potential of a region and the efficiency of its use, the attractiveness of a region for the population and for business, the level of innovation in the economy of a region), that allow qualitatively and quantitatively measure the «attractiveness» are sufficiently; fourth, was the comparative analysis of the results of a quantitative evaluation of the competitiveness on these factors in the five regions of the Siberian Federal District for the period of 2000-2012 years (Kemerovo oblast, Novosibirsk oblast, Tomsk oblast, Krasnoyarsk krai, Altai krai). Research has shown that developed assessment algorithm of regional competitiveness can not only fix competitive advantages and ratings at a specific time, but also monitor the dynamics of competitively important factors in the region. The obtained evaluations of competitiveness are the basis for recommendations about changing the drivers of growth in the region and the reconstruction of models of its regional development.