The activities of zemstvo provinces of the Middle Volga region in the development of the financial and credit co-operatives in the early XX century is studied in the article. The author reveals the role of banks in the formation Zemsky credit and financial infrastructure in the village. The author analyzes the strategy of the credit and financial policy during the period of modernization zemstvoes sotsi-cially-economic processes in Russia in the early XX century. This article was prepared on the basis of the analysis of annual and quarterly reports Zemsky small credit banks, archival documents of the Russian State Historical Archive.