Cardiovascular diseases remain the most common cause of death in Russia. In real clinical practice doctors are more focused on the modification of other major risk factors rather than on the correction of dyslipidemia, or pay more attention to secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Aim. To analyze the incidence of severe dyslipidemia (total cholesterol >9 mmol/l), clinical signs of atherosclerosis at its presence and the adequacy of hypolipidemic treatment according to the data of multi-field medical hospital.

Material and methods. We have analyzed 28225 medical charts of patients undergoing treatment in Therapeutic Departments of Petrozavodsk urgent care hospital for the years from 2001 to 2012.

Results. The incidence of severe dyslipidemia (total cholesterol >9 mmol/l) was 1.59%. The most frequent nonlipid risk factor for ischemic heart disease was arterial hypertension (was diagnosed in 85% of patients). The main clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis was ischemic heart disease (it was diagnosed in 79.3%), 48.9% of patients had a history of acute myocardial infarction, 28.9% - of stroke. In patients with severe dyslipidemia (total cholesterol >9 mmol/l) the frequency of statins prescription in 2009-2012 was 70%. In 28.9% of the patients the target levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein were obtained. High doses of statins were prescribed rarely.

Conclusion. There is a serious therapeutic problem related to the insufficient attention of doctors to examination and treatment of patients with newly-diagnosed severe dyslipidemia, especially when the primary disease is not a cardiovascular one.