Design: A retrospective case-control study. The study included 804 women, 268 were patients with histologically verified adenomyosis, 536 – women without proliferative diseases of the pelvic organs. It was found that one third of gynecologic patients undergoing hysterectomy, has adenomyosis. There are significant problems in the diagnosis of the disease, because, despite the existence of relevant complaint, the diagnosis of adenomyosis and treatmenthas been given only to 10% of women. The main complaint appearing in adenomyosis patients at an average age of 38, 5 years is heavy and painful menstruation. The average duration from the onset to the first visit to the doctor was 5 years, and prior to surgery – 12,5 years. Women with adenomyosis had certain characteristics. Medical history of these patients was characterized by a high frequency of gynecological and extragenital diseases, intrauterine intervention, family history of the cancer. A history of uterine curettage and induced abortion were the most significant risk factors for adenomyosis.