The article analyzes the neurological complications after interventions on the ascending aorta and the aortic arch in dissection I type by De Bakey. Group of authors investigated over a decade of experience in surgery of aortic dissection in both acute and chronic. Authors estimated the incidence of neurological complications after surgical intervention in 124 patients in the early post-operative and long term period. It were studied both qualitative measures (methods of reconstruction of the aortic arch, type of cerebral perfusion, the etiology of the pathological process, comorbidities) and quantitative (the duration of the different stages of surgery, age, height, weight). The analysis revealed that almost all cases of strokes were observed in the older age group and were associated with concomitant occlusive-stenotic arterial lesions caused by Takayasu's syndrome and atherosclerosis, as well as a set of related diseases. Increase in the number of strokes contribute to more complex, and therefore more time-consuming intervention types of reconstruction of the aortic arch. Antegrade perfusion of the brain, to our knowledge, did not have statistically significant advantages over retrograde perfusion or hypothermic circulatory arrest of the brain.