This essay seeks to answer the question what is the relevance of public policy in mental health care? Recently, the National Mental Health Policy was established in Costa Rica, but despite that was a step forward for the country, its real and effective implementation means a challenge. At present, health is seen as a historical process, affected by various social determinants that represent the possible reasons why people get sick. To address this reality, the Primary Health Care serve as one based on health promotion strategy in the implementation of public policies that direct the actions of the sector is one of its priority areas. From this perspective, mental health plays a major role in the welfare of the individual and the community. It is concluded that the development of a National Mental Health Policy represents a breakthrough for Costa Rica, but all health professionals should know and sensitize themselves and the public as to cater for the promotion of mental health and prevention of mental illness.